The Influence of Mexican Revolution on Mexico

The potential benefits of this development, however, were undercut by corruption and cronyism. Not only were the benefits unshared by the innocent majority of Mexicans, just about of whom were peasants; they were unshared even by intimately of the Mexican elite of landowners and industrialists. By 1910, when Porfirio's health and personal clench on power began to fade, the regime's domestic support base had shrunk near to nothing. Hence the revolution that broke out that year was at once broad-based--drawing support from almost all sectors of Mexican society--and profoundly divided, since these sectors had widely variant objectives. All could agree that the pie had to be redivided, however there was no consensus on how to divide it (Brenner and Leighton 27-29).

Thus, for example, the initial host success of the transmutation was due largely to the support of ranchers and opposite landowners, peculiar(prenominal)ly in the north and south, who were able to take the cranial orbit with their own armies of tenants and ranch hands--in effect, quasi-feudal retainers. The most famous of these leaders (though twain themselves of humble origin) were Emiliano Zapata in the south and Pancho Villa in the north (Brenner and Leighton 42); the last mentioned is long established as a stereotype " burglar" in norteamericano popular culture, among people who know little or nothing of his political role.

But the interests of these leaders, prima

rily securing and enlarging their own lands, had little correlation to those of other segments of the elite, such as industrialists who wanted to reclaim capital resources from outside hands, and were directly contrasted to the interest of peasants in land reform.

Most of all, women were swept up into the mass movements of population that accompanied the rural campaigns of the Revolution.

Thus, the Mexican Revolution was diffuse, dominated by no one social sort or ideology, or even by one burden or region, since control of Mexico City, or even of the whole valley of Mexico, did not in itself confirm control of the outlying Yankee and southern parts of the country.

This very diffusion, though, because it led to many topical anaesthetic centers of power and a long duration, caused the Revolution to directly dishevel in more Mexicans than it might feed had it been more tightly centered.

Others became heroines or victims in a less directly troops way. In a late stage of the Revolution, a counterrevolutionary movement arose in rural areas, fostered by ultraconservative elements of the Catholic Church. These insurgents, the cristeros (so called for their rallying cry, el Cristo rey, "Christ the king") chose as particular targets the schoolteachers in the secular revolutionary school system, many of whom were progeny women.

Out of this chaotic welter of conflicting interests, two main threads of revolutionary demands can be found: patriotism, which reflected most strongly the interests of the elite, who had been shouldered aside under Porfirio by the cientificos and foreign interests, and social reform (especially land reform) which reflected the interests of the poor. Within each of these in turn were concealed many conflicting interests; of the two components, nationalism was the stronger if only because it had an appeal to Mexicans of all social classes, who might have experienced personally the insult of high-handed treatment by the foreigners--especi
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