Hubspot Case Study Analysis

Hubspot Case Study Analysisinward Marketing- an innovative trade outline put ined by the Hubspot creators, was developed on the design that to get guests to be interested in your product, pulling them in by use of clear 2.0 engineering was ofttimes more sound than apply traditional methods of merchandising that pushed products and services to target audience who may be un entrusting or uninterested in the offer at the detail time.Hubspot created bundle products that enabled its customers to market their products/services with the use of new maturate tools ilk Search Engine Optimization(SEO), Social Media, Blogs, Podcasts and social net working bladesites resembling Twitter, Facebook etc. This effectively replaced the traditional merchandising strategies used by them.Hubspot is challenging the Marketing reality by implementing new rules through a new age platform. And this is non without achieving results.Marketing Platform - Inbound Marketing, a term coined by Hubs pot is in itself is a dramatic shift from previously followed Marketing principles and guidelines. It focuses on the penetration that customers who need a service/product will do applicable information search through all the available sources of knowledge to disc all over out the best fit for their requirements. This search platform was the Internet and its ubiquity. exclusively a firm had to do was make its presence on the web felt through informative, interesting and interactive ways to get the consumers attention. conventional Marketing methods place negligible importance on these methods, concentrating mostly on television commercials, print ads and OOH.Strategy used - The schema used by Inbound Marketing pulls interested customers by making available relevant information and disseminating data based on customer search processes. kinda of going and hunting for customers, interrupting their e genuinelyday lives through telemarketers and direct selling, Hubspot realized the unprejudiced efficiency of being there for the customer to find you. Instead of militant merchandising, Inbound merchandising focuses on sensible merchandising. Hubspot created blogs with useful content which do interested consumers visit the websites to know what was being said.Traditional merchandising principles however, remove direct selling, tele selling and other means of advertising that create stain aw atomic number 18ness by using advertising and promotion tools more effective in todays dynamic world.Interactive - Inbound Marketing tools provided the benefit of the consumer interacting actively with the company as well as with each other. With Hubspot practicing what it preached, it realized the eccentric advantage of having knowledge of word-of-mouth publicity of its product and services.It created entertaining YouTube spoofs and videos like Cold calling is for losers to attract consumers interest. It received 35000 hits. This itself points to the fact that non alo ne was it liked by a large number of people, however this strategy similarly made the effective audience exposure measurable. This included exclusively those viewers who saw the video due to their own interest and not as a disinterested viewer seeing a TVC that stop their favourite soap/movie on air. The online buzz created enabled the marketing causal agent to be a two way street between consumers and Hubspot. Questions were asked about(predicate) content provided and relevant answers were given.Feedback oriented Hubspot also created communities where customers using their products could comment on their experience with Hubspot softw bes and add their feedback to it. This earned Hubspot credibility in the consumer minds, about its reliability and usability.Although it can be said with reasonable conviction that the traditional rules of marketing are being challenged, some of it still stand true. Hubspot uses an eclectic ruffle up of both inbound as well as outbound marketi ng practices. It uses inbound marketing to draw customers towards it. However, to retain such customers Hubspot uses traditional marketing methods like advertising (YouTube and Podcasting), encouragement of employee enthusiasm towards customer service and slaying of differentiated market strategies to grounds different target segments.Is Hubspot finding and overhaul the accountability distinguish of customers?Hubspot differentiated its customers based on two large parameters.Small Business Owner customer vs. Marketing professional customerThe small business sector owner or Owner Ollie was the entrepreneur mind a business ranging in between 1 to 25 employees. The approach of acquiring these customers was $1000. Their primary objective was to create maximum leads for their businesses. OOs are nimble with all the functions of the organization and rarely have a defined marketing department. Paucity of time and resources enabled them to focus on the top of the customer funnel sh ape to generate maximum possible leads. OOs were less knowledgeable of the Web 2.0 technology and have great use for the training and guidance that comes along with the Hubspot software package. They make up for 68% of Hubspots customer portfolio. However, the travail rate for OOs is 4.3% (Table A) per month. This meant that the OOs were not sustainable customers despite having great usage capableness for Hubspot software products and services.The marketing professional, or Marketer Mary are trained marketing professionals working in companies, often supported by a team and soluble to senior management. They are knowledgeable about marketing tools and new age practices. What MMs were looking for in Hubspot was the analytics and reports it provided. MMs had the potential to invest heavily in Hubspots products since they not only had the need for tools to design robust in-practice inbound marketing programs but also the financial resources. The churn rate compared to OOs are lesser at 3.2%. However, the selling cycle was considerably of a longer time head than with OOs. The cost of acquiring was also higher at $5000 i.e. 5 measure higher than acquiring an OO. MMs constituted 31% of Hubspots consumer portfolio.AnalysisHubspot, taking into thoughtfulness the differences between these two consumer segments, has accordingly designed diverse product portfolio to suit each individual target segment of OO and MM. Hubspots pricing strategy includes derived function pricing for different customer segments i.e. Owner Ollies (OO) and Marketer Marys (MM). Since the cost of acquiring an OO is one-fifth of that of a MM, Hubspot could afford to charge a lesser periodic fee to OOs ($250 per month as compared to $500 per month charged to MM). Also, since OO as consumers were more in number than MM, the reduction in the monthly cost charges was made up for by economies of scale. Therefore, Hubspot has identified its customer segments and serves it according to the return s anticipate from them.However, with the increase in number of small and medium sized business (Table C), it is recommended that Hubspot place more emphasis in increasing the percentage of OOs in its customer portfolio. Although the churn rate is high, it is these firms which have more use for Hubspots products and services. With the right informational content persuading these customers the churn rate can be reduced and earn generated through OOs can be maximized.B2B customer vs. B2C customerThe B2B customer had paltry experience with Web 2.0 technology. They required the consultancy services that Hubspot provided along with the effective ingratiation of the software in their business models. B2B companies generally provided complex products that made it obligatory for their consumers to have a thorough understanding of their product before invest in it. This made Hubspot the perfect product to fulfill the ineluctably of B2B customers. B2B customers requisite the support of Hubspots technicians and software during start-up and later on as well.B2C customers however found that Hubspot content and templates were too rudimentary for their needs. They seemed to derive much lesser pry than B2B customers. B2C customers dealt with products/services which already required them to have strong online presence. Most of them had tenanted Web 2.0 consultants and agencies to work for them already.AnalysisHere, it is recommended that Hubspot place more importance on acquiring and retaining B2B customers taking into account the above mentioned points. Also, the churn rate of come in B2B customers is almost half of that of B2C customers. (Table A) This fact holds true since B2C customers have low expediency for Hubspot products. Therefore, catering to B2B customers will maximize profit for Hubspot.Is Hubspot being too pigheaded by not doing any outbound marketing? What do you appreciate to Halligan and Shah?Hubspot coined the term Inbound Marketing. It sold the marketing strategies which it itself devised. Hubspot faces a dilemma of principles here. If it uses outgoing Marketing, how should it justify selling Inbound Marketing solutions to its clients? It becomes a marketing problem which may prove harmful to the companys stellar image.Outbound Marketing would take in infusing more financial resources into marketing. In this case the cost per lead generated is much more than Inbound marketing.One key issue that hampers current marketing strategy of Hubspot is that since they pull customers to them, it becomes very difficult to determine the correct strategy to implement before they know what segment of customers are finally acquiring attracted towards them. It creates a Catch-22 situation where knowing the strategy to implement depends on knowing what particular customer segment the strategy should be implemented on and the latter cannot be determined until the former is implemented.In this, Outbound marketing has a huge advantage over Inbound marketing since, strategies are formulated and implemented after deciding the target audience. This kind of marketing also tends to attract a larger and more diverse set of customers. Hubspot current marketing strategies filters out customers who have a greater potential to buy and narrows their focus to target them. This eliminates almost 50% of the customers from the top of the customer funnel.However, all the above concerns about Inbound Marketing can be addressed pertinently. According to Volpe, the market we are going after is very, very large and today our product is a small, small fraction of what it needs to be. Table C shows the market potential of Small and Medim Sized Businesses. close all of these are Owner Ollies ( half of them being B2B) which are Hubspots superior customer base. Therefore, the growth potential in terms of profit maximation is immense. Hubspot is not being stubborn in using Inbound Marketing. Rather, it is an smart method of marketing whic h generates measurable results and makes optimum use of financial resources.Recommendations for Halligan and ShahWeb content and social media promotion techniques should be given importance over traditional marketing techniques. Depending on the type of customer segments the marketing tools should be modulated accordingly. This is tough for the organization to carry out since it has such a diverse set of customers. However, what Hubspot can do is put more efforts on Owner Ollies and B2B customers since they are our largest customer base with the biggest growth potential.As per Volpe, Hubspot is tho to develop its product to suit the new emerging market scene. This also forms a factor to take into consideration for the future growth and cultivation of Hubspots market share. It being a software sector, the more up-to-date its products are the better its chances to generate revenues.However, Outbound Marketing should not be only dismissed. It is advisable to use traditional mode of marketing to retain animated customers. In the case of B2C and Marketer Marys which have a high churn rate, the upgradation of the product will suitably satisfy their needs. Using traditional modes of marketing such as direct marketing and personal selling will be effective in such cases.

Organizational Structure And Culture

Organizational anatomical structure And Cultureorchard apple tree is 56 and Intel is number 62 among fortune calciferol comp either. I suck selected these ii companies to describe organizational structure and culture.1. a)Organisational structure and culture complex body partTo meet goals, an organization finds a way to organize employees some agreeable of structure. Norm everyy most of comp any use quartet types structure. origination structure, 2) cable length and staff structure, 3) Matrix structure, 4) group structure.Line structureCommand from acme to downward.Common of small company.Line Managers are collect analyzing all information.Line and staff structureThis is for mid and large size company.hither employees employ to help line managing directorMatrix structureFor a peculiar(a) project employee come from divers(prenominal) department to help. regard to respond guest quickly.Team structureBrings people to gravelher with different skills to meat circumstance g oals.Lower level manager need to approved decision.Team confine power to take any decision. appleThe organizational structure of apple is approximately non-existent and learnd on introduction decision making in the hands of the people in the playing pitch. Apple is doing in likely well and had attention of many people because the company beted well and was precise responsive to change. However, things took a downward turn and Apple found them in a financial nightmare. Apple suffered problems in regional areas, specifically in the accountability of spending and in fiscal decision-making. The same top-down ideology that helped Apple grow also opened the door for some skilful financial losses. With employees at different levels making decisions, it became difficult for the corporate bunk to keep track of spending and purchasing. They have different adviser and manager for different product. As like every company they have sell operative, finance division, marketing etc.IntelIn tel is number 62 of fortune 500 company. As like apple, Intel also uses flat organizational structure. Intel has seven directors, hotshot CEO, and mavin chairman. And they have also different manager and adviser for different products. As like, PC silent group, this group is devise in erratic and desktop sector. Data processing group, they work different forms of calculation. Visualization group, they work for advance solution. Marketing sector, they work to improve marketing and sales.CultureAppleThe culture of apple was based on an idea that self- activated various(prenominal) leave work hard if they do not have boss on their work. The structure of apple had allowed it. The reason is to take quick responsiveness. They believed it is much easier to get value of work. Apple initially grew fast because decisions were made at the final possible level. Head office made policy and oversaw all activates. alone local employees take their decision day to day in all over the world.I ntelIntel is the worlds largest microprocessor company. They found a place in fortunes list because of their work. Intel believes it is their debt instrument to provide their employees with challenging work that encourages them to create and innovate. Intels goal is to frame kind resource polices that make easier for work. The company is believes in providing good opportunities of their employees. Employees are imagine on their performance. For that employees discount hold their position by preordaining well.1. b)Relationship mingled with structure and telephone circuit performanceUnderlying culturerefers to organisational culture bad turn refers to a period where business performance is low or employees are moving away from the organisational culture resulting in low business performance. Structure is the guideline of a business. It helps to work done easily. And culture increase employees mentality, so productivity will increase automatically. If organizations culture will strong, then business performance will end soon.1. c)Factors to influence individual behaviourThose two companies have many factors to influence individual behaviour. Those companies do not boost their employees. They take decision upon their individual performance. Apple use self-motivated theory. So that individual will work hard to hold their performance. Intel believed individual with challenging work encourages them to create and innovate. I think those factor influence individual behaviour.2. a)Approaches to direction and theories of organization3.a)Leadership is a person who guides or inspires new(prenominal)s. We have four basic leadership flairs. despoticBureaucratic republicanLaissez-faireAutocratic is a classical approach. Here manager does not consult with any employee. Employees have to flow the order without any explanations. This leader ship style do not trust employee.Bureaucratic is leader flow book. Everything moldiness be done according to the book, otherwise those leader refer to their f number level. This style effect when employee works with their routine, when they know standards of work, when they are work with danger.Democratic leadership style is known as participative style. It help employee to take any decision. Normally democratic leaders are allows employees to establish their goals, leaders want to provide opportunities.Laissez-faire is known as hands off style. Here manager provide little information but the leaders take place much freedom. This leadership can be apply, when employees are high skilled.3. b) need is the driving force behind an action. It is very important because motivation decide our behaviour. Lots of motivation theory to motivate. But among them tow is very effective.Need hierarchy theoryHerzbergs two-factor theoryNeed hierarchy theory in know as Maslows hierarchy of needs. This is a theory of psychology. This theory is one of the most discoursed motivation theories. Humans need cannot be fulfilling. This theory has five stapes to motivate people 1.Self-actualization, 2. Esteem, 3. Love and belonging, 4. Safety needs, 5. Physiological needs. This motivation theory starts from physiological needs.Herzbergs two-factor theory motivates certain factors in the workplace. Two-factor theory distinguishes amongst Motivator that is responsibility or can say that pee-pees positive satisfaction. And the other is a Hygiene factor that is job security that does not give positive satisfaction.3. C)Motivation theory is the key element of a leader. It changes concern decision. Motivation theory describes to that how management take action with their employee. Because decisions change upon an employees demand. To motivate employee management have to fulfil their demand. So this theory has impact upon management actions.4. a)Nature of group and group behaviour of organizationIn prevalent views describe how a group to be planned and how its actions are be passed away.A group is a collection of two or more public who work with one another regularly to complete oecumenical goals.Groups help organizations achieve vital tasks.Effective groups get high levels of concert.Situations in which groups are better to individuals, when there is no clear expert in an exacting difficulty or task.4. b)Effective aggroup workTeam work, it has been now a common practise in most organization. thither are a certain people of an effective team that should be ensuring a good amount of output. It is right that an useful team at all times have clear team goals that give say-so team members to return priority of individual goals with that of team one. Common confidence is also essential between team members and that can be facilitating from location to side open, honest and mutual managerial culture.4. c)engineering always helps everywhere. Technology change team and maintain their knowledge. Some technology improve team function, likeEmailMobile phoneComputer ,etcEmail takes less(prenomi nal) than a second to send news, by that group work can be done. Mobile phone is now most useful technology. I phone 4, recently apple launch it. It have video art feature, so by that group work can be done. terminusIn USA employee change their job 10 times in 20 years because of organization. If every organization should flow structure, culture, motivation theory then it can be reduce. And organization will get welfare from that.

Head Count System Using Artificial Intelligence Method Information Technology Essay

dot Count System use Artificial Intelligence Method Information Technology Essay come upThis report is developing the formulate called Head Count System utilise Artificial Intelligence Method. This report compresses the introduction, belles-lettres re muckle, method actingology, suffer design, closure and discussion, put up management and conclusion of the take to.For the starting of this report, in that location provide shows more than(prenominal) on the products ( brainiac count arranging) description, background, aims and objective. Next, this report attempt come forward discuss more on the products fate much(prenominal) as hardw ar and bundle. There pass on research or survey on the hardware and packet those git be causal agent on designing the product. afterward the research or survey, this report depart include details more into the specification of this drift. several(prenominal) discussion go forth also be done on the ashess computer computer schedulemeing code, dimension of the hardware, and the liaisoning incision and c subject that are chosen to use.The key point of this confound is on the artificial intelligence. Fuzzy logic, uneasy entanglement, neurofuzzy, induction algorithmic rules and genetic algorithms are the emblem of the artificial intelligence engine. This report will discuss on the structure, method and application behind the absolute artificial intelligence engine in literature review. Furthermore, the detail discussion on neural network programme such(prenominal) as Hopfield network and harbor vector machine will carry out in the methodology. Some of the ensure processing programming will explained in that chapter too. later all the basic theory and methodology, the substantive work on designing this project will proceed in project design. There got three main programming those are attend acquisition, network and counting form will elaborate in take to the woods chart and mannequin. Al l the investigate run and discussion on this project will call down in the following chapter too.Finally, the conclusion will stop all the processes on research, design and building for this project in the polish off of the report. In the conclusion, the achievement, distribution and weakness of this project will state out too. With the recommendation as the ending of this report, this project is hoping can be change in future development.IntroductionHead count system is employ in everywhere and any time in the reality life. figuring the amount of drumhead counts is a must since the world started no be in which occasion such as lecture halls, parties, ballrooms and so on. Nowadays, there is still use a traditional ways to wee-wee the full amount of the head count. The ways are using such care count one by one manually by a person assigned tick attendance using paper to personality down and so on. Otherwise, some advance ways to get the head count such as using smart c ard to get the head count through a manually scanning thingamabob manually balk in through a control server and so on.Following the trend of the technology grown, a lot of mechanisation products redeem been created or designed. These kinds of products are now available in the merchandise to cringe the idle of time and faculty on unnecessary purposes. If the head count system also can detect or interference the amount of head count mechanically, there will be change magnitude the efficiency of work and prevent the resource is wasted. 1Background of the projectHead Count System using Artificial Intelligence Method is designed and developed head count system that is able to intelligently check the total payoff of head counts entering or exiting an enclosed location. This system can automatically determine the number of head count by using sensors and combination with artificial intelligence engine. So, this project will be built based on software and hardware too. Some more t he interfacing subterfuge is needed for this project to link up the hardware adopt to computer. This is because the artificial intelligence programming will write in software in computer and the input of sensor will direct get through the interfacing device.MethodologyAfter the literature review on the project is done, the specification of the project is decided. This project will be use MATLAB as the programmer to write the code of Neural Network which is one of the AI engine, as the software part. Be slopes that, USB dividing line is chosen as the interfacing device to link the software and hardware. The hardware of this project is built by thermic imaginativeness camera 13Thermal Imaging CameraAll materials, which are supra 0 degrees Kelvin (-273 degrees C), emit infrared heartiness. The infrared energy emitted from the measured object is converted into an electrical signal by the imaging sensor (microbolometer) in the camera and displayed on a monitor as a color or monochro me caloric range of a function. 23Infrared is a form of electromagnetic radiation, radio waves, microwaves, ultravio allow, visible loose, X-rays and gamma rays the same. All of these forms in concert constitute the electromagnetic spectrum, are similar, the speed of light they emit energy in the form of electromagnetic waves despicable. Each other band in the spectrum of the main difference is their wavelength, and the related amount of wave energy to carry. For example, bit gamma ray wavelengths than visible light millions of times smaller, the wavelength of radio waves oer a billion times is visible. 23With the technical explanations above, there show that thermal imaging camera is not affect by any light level and it is better than a normal camera by this point. utilize thermal imaging camera in this project will reduce the faulty cause by light level to minimum.MATLABMATLAB is a high-ranking language of technical computing. MATLAB can utilise to wide application, includ ing stunt woman processing, expectant processing, financial analysis, control design, and data communications. In hear processing, both 2-D and three-D graphical image is able to service. Using MATLAB, technical computing problems can be solved faster than using traditional programming languages, such as C and C++. Besides that, inside MATLAB software contains a lot of useful toolbox. All the toolbox can be link up and federal agency together. While programming in MATLAB, if any function command that not familiar can be get more information on that command by typing help followed with the command. With entire advantages shown above, MATLAB is chosen as the software platform for this project. 21MATLAB is the platform using to running on all the sample method programming shown above. From the root on examen neural network sample programming, single-layer perceptron and multi-layer perceptron are good in use on data pattern classification. Hopfield network is suitable in image restore application. Then support vector machines and kernel function are used in pattern analysis especially in demo sleuthing system. For image processing sample programming, Kirsch edge detection and canny edge detection are good edge spy solving. Shape recognition can be use Houdorff-based image semblance to implement. Gabor function can be applied with support vector machines for face detection. Lastly, one-dimensional Gaussion function is used in signal processing, but in image processing where two-dimensional Gaussian can be apply to it.After some preliminary work on so galore(postnominal) programming, the Support Vector Machines has been chosen as the design programming on this project. The programming shown above is just the major of the programming linking with this project. The main agreement chosen Support Vector Machines is this network combine both neural network and image processing method.Result and DiscussionIn this project result and discussion, the three ma in parts will be discussed in detail on the result. The three main parts are image acquisition able to get the input from sensor, train the network with support vector machines deally with no error and headcount system able count correctly.Figure 9 show the result on image acquisitionFor the image acquisition programming, it can test with PC camera. PC camera is set as the input in the programming. Right-hand side image on reckon 9 at above shows the view point of the camera afterwards the program is started. If there got any effort occurred in the view point of the camera, the image will be captured. left field side image on figure 9 at above shows the result of captured image after motion occurred. The discussion above state all the basic function on this program and the result will show as figure in the real project.Figure 10 show the result on main program on creating networkFigure 10 at above show the result after run the programming of support vector machines. The right-h and(a) side of the figure 10 at above shows a prompt wag for the user chooses the step to perform on this program. If Generate Database is pressed, the program will commit the image database to the workspace and there will shows Loading HeadCount and Loading non-HeadCount as shown at left-hand side, first two contentions on figure 10. If the spillage Create SVM is pressed, the support vector machines network will be created. Some information of the network will be show out as shown at left-hand side, after first two lines on figure 10. To test the network is just press the Test on Photos button. After the button is pressed, another menu will prompt out is let the user to select the sample image for testing. After the sample is selected, the program will run automatically until the result come out. The program will circle all the headcount based on the network. If there got error, the program can let the user to retrain it regarding to same sample. In the experiment on this proj ect, one sample that contains some possibly of the combination and viii different orientation of headcount is created to use as the testing sample. Lastly, the menu will close if the Exit is pressed.Figure 11 show the result on graphical user interface output for counting systemFor the counting system, GUI is created to show the result of the number of headcount as shown at right-hand side in figure 11 and the input image have been captured as shown at left-hand side in figure 11. The result is counted based on these theories If the objects of first image touch the upper line then(prenominal) the objects of the following image touch the lower line, this mean the objects are moving in. If the objects of first image touch the lower line then the objects of the following image touch the upper line, this mean the objects are moving out.ConclusionThis report shows the complete process on designing this project. After complete the literature review, this can help on choosing the hardwar e, software or interfacing device to use. Methodology of this project shows majority method or solution to do this project in both building hardware and the software programming. More testing and simulations are done to get better solution. The complete steps or procedures of this project are show in the project design with the flow chart. Practical testing is also done and the result has been show and discuss distinctly.This project fully achieves the entire objective stated above. For the main objective on researching type of artificial intelligence engine has fully achieved. The definition, architecture, algorithm of all type of artificial intelligence such as fuzzy logic, neural network, neurofuzzy, induction algorithm and genetic algorithm have been explained and stated in the literature review. Summary in literature review support the point of achieve the main objective and constitute the objective of determine the type of interfacing device to use for connecting hardware an d software is achieved. By comparing the two types of the interfacing devices such as USB cable and RS232, USB cable has a better speed than RS232 cable. So USB cable is chosen. The investigating and testing the sample programming on both neural network and image processing in methodology is to achieve one of the objectives. That objective is investigated on the programming language for the artificial intelligence engine. There is not sole(prenominal) achieve the objective and some additional investigating on image processing is adding on. Design software and GUI which able to simulate the system model, and implement the prototype hardware to get the inputs are achieved objectives too. PC camera is used to get input with the worked programming and GUI indicate the number of headcount prove that these objective is achieved. The result is show and discussion clearly on above.The contributions and benefits of this project is save the life from emergency is happen, reduce the waste of time and energy on unnecessary purposes, increase the efficiency of work, and this project is ease to use head count system with fully automatically function.The weaknesses and disadvantages of this project is limit in light level on PC camera, time consuming and memory consuming on operate the system is high.Reference and Bibliographyhttp//www.freepatentsonline.com/20090271240.pdf (Accessed 30 October 2010)http//www.headcountsystems.com/counting_technology.html (Accessed 9 October 2010)http//www.911headcount.com/solutions.html (Accessed 9 October 2010)http//pragmatick.com/ (Accessed 10 October 2010)http//www.sensourceinc.com/ (Accessed 16 October 2010)http//www.countwise.com/products_overview.php (Accessed 16 October 2010)http//www.infodev.ca/buildings.html (Accessed 17 October 2010)http//www.trafsys.com/people-counters.aspx (Accessed 17 October 2010)http//en.wikipedia.org (Accessed 6 November 2010)http//www.wtec.org/loyola/kb/c1_s1.htm (Accessed 6 November 2010)http//www.reference forbusiness.com/management/A-Bud/Artificial-Intelligence.html (Accessed 23 October 2010)http//www.zaptron.com/literature/neurofuzzy.htm (Accessed 24 October 2010)http//www.mathworks.com/products/daq/supportedio14005.html (Accessed 30 October 2010)http//www.automationdirect.com/static/specs/pe18mmfaled.pdf (Accessed 31 October 2010)http//www.roboticsconnection.com/p-23-sharp-gp2d120-ir-sensor.aspx (Accessed 31 October 2010)http//www.interfacebus.com/usb-cable-diagram-30.html (Accessed 31 October 2010)http//faculty.olin.edu/bstorey/Notes/Card.pdf (Accessed 30 October 2010)http//www.dataq.com/support/documentation/pdf/misc/MatlabAdaptor.pdf (Accessed 30 October 2010)http//www.neuralwiki.org/index.php?title=Programming_the_USB-6008_with_Matlab (Accessed 31 October 2010)http//en.wikipedia.org (Accessed 31 October 2010)http//www.mathworks.com/products/matlab/description1.html (Accessed 14 November 2010)http//www.developers.net/intelisdshowcase/view/47 (Accessed 21 November 2010)http//www. inmes.hr/pdf/thermography.pdf (Accessed 28 November 2010)http//www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/ phratry/shl9/roel2a/smits2a.htm (Accessed 5 December 2010)http//www.dtreg.com/mlfn.htm (Accessed 12 December 2010)http//www.learnartificialneuralnetworks.com/hopfield.html (Accessed 19 December 2010)http//www.dtreg.com/svm.htm (Accessed 26 December 2010)http//crsouza.blogspot.com/2010/03/kernel-functions-for-machine-learning.html (Accessed 26 December 2010)http//www.mathworks.com/products/image/ (Accessed 2 January 2011)http//www.cvmt.dk/education/ command/f09/VGIS8/AIP/canny_09gr820.pdf (Accessed 2 January 2011)http//mathworld.wolfram.com/GaussianFunction.html (Accessed 9 January 2011)http//www.pages.drexel.edu/weg22/can_tut.html (Accessed 16 January 2011)https//ece.uwaterloo.ca/ece327/old/2007t1/proj/doc/proj.pdf (Accessed 23 January 2011)http//www.cs.cornell.edu/dph/hausdorff/hausdorff1.html (Accessed 30 January 2011)http//www.cs.cornell.edu/vision/hausdorff/hausmatch.html (Accessed 13 February 201 1)http//www.cnbc.cmu.edu/tai/papers/pami.pdf (Accessed 20 February 2011)

Nanomedicine The Field Of Nanotechnology Biology Essay

Nanomedicine The Field Of Nanotechnology biology Es maintainNanomedicine is a wide field of nanotechnology which involves al or so completely handle of science uniform nanoscience, nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanoengineering and many to a greater extent(prenominal). Generally we burn down say that it is the practical(a) application or the medical application of contrastive materials at nanoscale to several(prenominal) nanoelectronic devices. These devices buns be utilize in different applications of medical sermons. true advancements shows that possibly these nano devices will bring revolutionary changes in the field of molecular(a) nanotechnology. The current problem to the application of nanomedicine lay down devices is the toxicity and the impact of nano constituents on both the living beings and environment. Nano particles set about been intentional for intervention of different complaints want pubic louse, angiogenesis etc. moreover the problem is the way of slanty of these particles to the form of uncomplaining as its difficult to handle these particles due to extremely down(p) surface of it. Nanotechnology is video dis dawdle such a rapid advancements that allows the amalgamation of multiple therapeutical, sensing and targeting agents with a range of 1-1000 nm. By the oncologic point these agents give new bank for the allThe applications of nanomedicine methodologies and particles for the manipulation for diseases like cancer argon more advantageous than the typical medicines and conventional medical treatments. Till metre more than 20 nanomedical therapeutic methods have been approved by FDA. These new methods for nanoengineered materials be supposed(p) to give the maximum expected results.In this context the main bribe is the lurch of particle to the undertake argona. For this purpose different methods be espouse in the lab and are found to be quite trusty. To deliver these particles in stead the human body come outs to be easy besides its not as easy as considered. Being active, if these particles can damage bear on electric cubicles then, these can damage the healthy cells as well. Secondly the size of these particles likewise matter. More over the issues projecting the underframe and response of particles toward different cells cannot be neglected. Al these factors, more or littlehow, repair the might of the nano particles. So, if these issues are controlled, one can easily tell on nanomedicine more useful than any ordinary technique.Deli rattling of nanomedicine into the bodyNanotechnology is bring the revolutions in almost all areas or the medical science. All the researches in the field of nano medicine are showing in full expand that how the diseases are being produced in the human body and what could be the outperform way of treatment. It also explores the in-depth working of body as well as the ontogeny of disease. To make it useful in the field of medicine, it also take ins to the using of new materials and new generations of medical nanomaterials. It is a fact that nanotechnology can be applied to almost all sheaths of materials and surfaces that show new properties of nanoscale.According to the all medical requirements doses are being designed and delivered to the body by controlled and specified slipway. Two things are very important in the field of nanomedicinedo medicates designDrug manner of speaking1 Drug design innovation the medicine is undergoing the revolutionary changes by increased knowledge. The ascertain of biologic move of doses with the body is vastly increased. Many new generations of drugs are being designed and tested either day. The generation of new drugs gain much impressiveness and specificity due to their complex structures. The complexity of their structures forces the researchers to work more and investigate as many possible applications of drug by making it bioactive molecule. They also dispose the structure and process of manufacturing so that its more useful and produce least by-products. This is mostly done by manipulation and engineering of enzymes inside the body that promote natural production of these molecules.Nano technology and more specifically nanomedicine are helping a lot in understanding the mechanism of drug development and its mode of action. 12, 16drugdeliverytwo.jpg2 Drug deliveryalong with the development of active bio molecules a lot of research is done on the slipway and means of drug delivery. It includes the methods for exact situation of the drug where it is needed and the entire amount of dose. Nanoscience and nanotechnology helps in understanding both the method of working and the location of intended drug delivery site. There are different vectors which can target a specific site like viruses that target a drug or gene to a particular type of cell or tissue. It can also define the ways of drug activating when it reaches the required site by the help of ultrasounds, light or charismatic fields.Many current drug delivery outlines are remnants of experient drug delivery systems that were in nanometer range. Examples for these are liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers and nano crystals.Different old methods applied for drug delivery are still applicable to some extent. These methods are useful in some cases. Some of these methods are verbal DeliveryInhalationTransdermalImplantationInjectionThese all methods are traditional methods in which drugs are supplied in bulk quantity only if after(prenominal) they enroll blood stream they are delivered to the site of contagion where they show their response. In these methods drug is also delivered to the healthy cells where it causes damage. Among these techniques implantation is slightly better in this regard. Implantation is related to the allocation of drug to the disease part. Chances of healthy cell damage are little than other techniques. Nanomedicine techniques a re more advanced than these.1, 2, 3, 4, 7,8, 13Nanoparticles use for drug deliveryLiposomal amphoterins are apply for the drug delivery. These are used for fungal and particle infections. These are most commonly used in patients with depressed white blood cell count (cancer and chemotherapy patients, HIV-infected patients, elderly patients). Liposomal formulation is preferred due to decreased side effects and prolonged drug exposure. The release of liposomes is slow which increases its efficacy.Antibiotic nettled nano spheres are used for intercellular infections. Ampicillin is an subject of nano spheres which is used for listeria treatment. It shows hammy improvement over free drug deliveries and these also reduce bacterial counts in liver at least 20 folds. These spheres used for salmonella treatment alone required 32 mg per mouse but with nano particles require only 0.8 mg. There are different types of nano particles that are used for drug delivery. Some are as followsMetal b ased nanoparticles lipoid based nanoparticlesPolymer based nanoparticlesBiological nanoparticlesAll these have their own features and efficacy regarding their shape, type and way of application. Metal based nanoparticles are introduced inside the body after capping with some inert material and then these particles are activated by energising them with the help of rays either light rays or the ultrasonic rays.Lipid based nanoparticles are small molecules like amphotericin B, doxorubicin, viruses and bacteria as vaccines and nucleic acid. These are made by mixing lipids together in organic ancestor and solution is evaporated later. Then hydration is done and liposomes are divided to small move by sonication.Polymer based nanoparticles are alkylcyanoacrylates which are extensively used as tissue adhesive for skin wounds and surgical glues. Polymer based nanoparticles are slight toxic as they degrade by the hydrolysis of ester bond. This hydrolysis or degradation produces alkyl alcoh ol and cyanoacrylic acid which are eliminated during kidney filtration.Biological nanoparticles are most reliable than any other as they are biodegradable and cause little toxicity and environmental effects.(Virus a biological Nano particle)5, 6, 7, 18 implement of carbon nanotubes in drug deliveryDrug delivery system of nanoparticles ranging from 5 to 250nm has capacity to improve current traditional therapies as it can overcome the biological restraints. Nano particles have achieved a great importance in targeted drug delivery oddly in the case of cancer. Targeted drug delivery is being facilitated by carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes look promising in drug delivery to the specified areas. This has been approved by research and in the near future CNT are going to overcome the problems of delivery, gene therapies and vaccines.Our research is still in its earliest stages, but it shows great promise, says Alberto Bianco, at the CNRS Institute in Strasbourg, France. The nanotube s seem to migrate mainly to the nucleus, so we can imagine them being used to deliver gene constructs.Carbon nanotubes are also helpful in custom delivery. Its providing advancements to the injection of particles to the cells. These also help in killing cancer cells when excited. These emit IR radiations which kill cancer cell.Image of rolled sheets of hexagons12, 16, 17Use of nanorobotics in nanotechnologyNanorobots are the devices which are designed to protect and maintain body. For the time being these are more hypothetical instruments than actual practically implemented instruments. These are supposed to help in a lot of ways likeTarget deliverySurgery at nanoscaleBrain surgeryEye surgeryCancer treatmentCarriers of drugsCuring skin diseasesmouthwash full of nanorobots which will be capable of killing pathogensImprovement in immune system by killing unwanted bacteriacleanup position of blood vessels and lymph nodesThese can be defined as hypothetical machines but as the research indicates these are going to help mankind very soon in all these aspects of medical science. These are supposed to be constructed with the part having dimensions of about 1-100nm. The main point of concern is the supply of brawniness to these machines and work is being done on it. Most of research is convince on the fact that energy can be supplied by the cellular digestion of glucose.http//static.howstuffworks.com/gif/nanorobot-1.gif12,13Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamicsand nanoparticlesProcess of absorption, distribution, metabolization and evacuation of medicine from the body is called pharmacokinetic. One can say that the study of what happens with the drug inside body is pharmacokinetics. On the contrast the study of what drug does with body is pharmacodynamics. Traditionally drug is designed by exploring small molecules which have both lipophilic and hydrophilic properties helping the drug to enter the blood stream quiet easily and then diffusing the cells. unless this a pproach is limitized due many pharmacodynamics effects like slow release, less efficacy, less selectivity and high immunogenicity. Use of nanotechnology can reduce the risks of both as well as increase the efficacy. Use of nano medicine can counteract the degeneration or the side effect on active compounds or healthy cites.5,6,7,8Barriers to the nanoparticle distributionDifferent compartments of bodyact as barriers to the nanoparticles. These barriers areEpithelium downslopeImmune systemLymph nodeslymph vesselsRESExtravasationThe basic reason of the barrier is the size of nanoparticles and secondly the shape of particles. These two factors are needed to be considered carefully before introducing the nanoparticle based medicines.9, 10Factors affecting the efficacy of nanomedicineDifferent factors affect the efficiency of nanoparticles. These include the size, shape, chemical nature and many other factors. But as we are dealing at nano scale so the size and shape of the particles hav e a great effect on the efficiency of the drug.Effect of size on the efficiency of nanomedicineBody immune system has different barriers for the invaded particles and this is the most challenging area for the drug delivery. Clearance of the polymeric nanoparticles and bio-distribution are remarkably affected by the size of nanoparticles. For example if the morbid organ has to be medicated by nanoparticle based medicine then the bio-distribution is ameliorate in the tissue by despotic he size and inactive EPR and ligand functionalization. If the particle size is small the accumulation of particle inside the tissue is increased as well as the diffusion of medicine. If we take the example of liver and spleen, these parts can be cleared by different processes like hepatic filtration and phagocytic uptake. The circulation is improved by keeping the particle size 100nm. In kidneys the particles need to be cleared by excretion and the circulation is improved by more than half if the is 10 nm.Other barriers like hormonal arm and mucosal barriers are also controlled by controlling the movement of particles. These barriers are overcome by the nanoparticles due to their unique characters and size. This is found to be true especially in the case of abnormal neovascularization. parenthood vessels are composed by endothelium which is of three typesContinuous endothelial syllable structure in arteries and vesselsContrast fenestrated endothelium in glands and kidneys(pores of about 60nm)Discontinuous endothelium in liver(fenestrae of 50-100nm)For the treatment of angiogenesis enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) allows diffusion and accumulation of nano particles inside the tissue. The size limit of particle is 400nm. If we discuss the physiological parameters like kidney extraction, surface composition, hepatic filtration and others the particle size is a key factor responsible for the bio-distribution or medicine and medication efficiency.3,8 Intake of polystyrene nanoparticles is favoured at a temperature of 37 to 4C if the size is between 50nmand 500nm. Similarly the protein absorption shows a strange change with the change in size. Its variation is as followsSIZE dousing OF PROTEIN100nmLess100_200nmModerateMore than 200nmMoreIIn unmindful it is observed that the particles with size smaller than 100nm show less absorption of proteins thats why they are less resistant to the blood flow and stay in the blood for a long time.Effect of the shape and core of nanoparticleAlong with size the shape of particle is also an important factor of drug delivery and efficiency. Spherical shaped particles show minimum resistance and can diffuse easier than any other shape.Shape is conditional to the type of material used for medication as well as type of nanoparticle being applied. In case of polymer based nanoparticles shapes are different and their efficacy is defined correspond to the interaction of accumulation and diffusion site and the material us ed. In this regard bio-distribution of stealth poly beta-amino ester nanoparticle and poly caprolactone particles with the same size gives a good idea of shape and core effect. Size of both ranges from 100-200nm but the accumulation of both is different.Shape of therapeutic nanoparticles plays a crucial role in extravasation and interstitial transport. On the one hand, it has been shown that cationic nanoparticles preferentially target tumour endothelial cells and evince a higher vascular permeability compared with their neutral or non-ionic detergent counterparts. On the other hand, neutral nanoparticles diffuse faster and distribute more homogeneously inside the tumour interstitial space than cationic and anionic particles, because the latter form aggregates with negatively supercharged (for example, hyaluronan) or positively charged (for example, collagen) matrix molecules.As far as the particle shape is concerned, studies have shown that macromolecules with linear, semi-flex ible configurations diffuse more efficiently in the interstitial matrix than do comparable sized, rigid spherical particles.10, 11,12,14,18Strategies to improve deliveryFrom the discussion preceding(prenominal) it could be concluded that the drug delivery could be more targeted, specified, less toxic, more biocompatible and safe, fast development of medicine by the use of nanotechnological especially nanomedicine methodologies. The strategies of drug delivery are focusing on the enhance drug delivery particularly action on tumour by increase the efficiency of vascular network. Strategies are to make nanoparticles penetrate faster and more easily. 2, 3, 1, 17ConclusionsThe innovation of nanotechnology is one of the greatest achievements of this century and use of this technology in medicine has revolutionized the entire biomedicine industry. As a field of rapidly evolution there are a lot of business interests as well.Apart from this, we are still fighting against some diseases lik e AIDS, Cancer etc. and every year they cost a lot of lives around the innovation. Again treatment of these diseases are really expensiveand people especially form third world countries are not able to afford the cost of treatments. Here, nanomedicine can play a very important role by providing cost telling methods of treatment. But we should also consider some other issues including impact of nanomaterials on our environment. We have plenty of things to do on those issues before making nano-drug astray available to the mass people.1,13,11

Ethics Of Organ Donation And Transplantation History Essay

Ethics Of reed harmonium Donation And change History EssayGrafting, channeliseing or transferring, any ar terms that mean replacing a failing alert organ with a healthy functioning one. Human corpse urinate up with multi of organs, some of them are vital organs as Brain, Heart, Lungs, Liver, Pancreas and Kidneys with no any of them human can non live at any. On the other hand, tissues complicate bones, tendons (both referred to as musculoskeletal grafts), cornea, skin, message valves, and veins.Transplantation and organ donation are inseparably intertwined this dream has inspired scientists during the history to obtain a prospering organ commute between humans and beat the immune form army from fighting the gift of life and improve the quality of the receiver life.Ancient Transplants and MythsIn fact, organ replacement was a dream in ancient times. The Hindu deity Ganesha had his head replaced by an elephants head in brief after birth (Rig-Veda, 1500 B.C.). In the Christian tradition, Saints Cosmas and Damian (fl. 3rd century A.D.) are famous for replacing the diseased leg of a true worshiper with the leg of a dark-skinned Moor, thereby becoming the patron saints of physicians and sawboness.i some(prenominal) Roman and Chinese myths cite transposeationations of legs and amounts by saints and medicine men, alone if the prime(prenominal) account of an actual change took place in the siemens century B.C. The Indian operating operating surgeon Sushruta shiftinged skin from one man to servicing rebuild the nose of another man. Another record account of graft took place in the late 16th century, again with skin. Italian surgeon Gasparo Tagliacozzi also did a skin graft, besides his is also the first recorded account of rejection of the transplant by the patient.iiHe recognized it to the force and author of individuality in his 1596 workDe Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem.This shows that the idea of using human body as treatment in end stage diseases was flying in the scientific horizon. The fai guide experimentations verses the no-hit ones make water established a solid database for their chase to reach the first sure-fire organ transplantation in the former(a) 1900s.Keratoplastic operation or corneal completelyograft transplant was performed successfully by Eduard Zirmin Olomouc, Czech Republic, in 1905.iii.The most important experimenter of transplantation in the early 20th century was the French surgeon Alexis Carrel. He began to experiment with the transplantation of arteries and veins, one of his few successful human procedures. This work would take in him the Nobel Prize in 1912. Carrel also was the first to identify the puzzle of rejection, a dilemma that would stymie many scientists and doctors. Experimenting on dogs, Carrel acquire the recipient body most often rejects donor organ visibleivNevertheless, who crooked the history on its head was the collaboration between all of Dr. Joseph Mur ray, Dr. J. Hartwell Harrison and Dr. John Merrill, they have registered the first successful golden measuring therapy in the end stage renal disease when they performed the first kidney transplant in 23 Dec 1954 in Brigham infirmary at Boston, The procedure was through betweenidentical twinsto eliminate any problems of animmune reaction. For this and afterward work, Dr. Murray received theNobel Prize for Medicine in 1990.vIn the late 1940s, son of a bitch Medawar, working for theNational Institute for Medical Research, improved the understanding of rejection. He has identified the immune reactions in 1951. Medawar suggested thatimmunosuppressive drugscould be used.Cortisonehad been late discovered and the more effectiveazathioprinewas identified in 1959, but it was not until the discovery ofcyclosporinein 1970 that transplant surgery found a sufficiently powerful immunosuppressive.Other organ transplantation attempts were not stopped. The tour has continued by James braw, when he performed the first successful deceased-donor lung transplant into alung cancersufferer in June 1963 inJackson, Mississippi.Thomas Starzl of capital of Colorado move a liver transplant during the same year, but was not successful until 1967.The heart was a most important prize for transplant surgeons. However, as well as rejection issues the heart deteriorates within minutes of stopping point so any operation would have to be performed at great speed. The development of theheart-lung machinewas also needed. Lung pioneerJames Hardy attempted a human heart transplant in 1964, but a premature failure of the recipients heart caught Hardy with no human donor, he used a chimpanzee heart that fai lead very quickly.In declination 3, 1967, the media has published the first successful achievement byChristian BarnardinCape Town, South Africa.Louis Washkansky, the recipient, survived for eighteen days amid what many saw as a distasteful publicity circus.The media interest prompted a spa te of heart transplants. Over a hundred were performed in 1968-69, but almost all the patients died within sixty days. Barnards second patient,Philip Blaiberg, lived for 19 months.It was the advent of cyclosporine that altered transplants from look for surgery to life-saving treatment. In 1968 surgical pioneerDenton Cooleyperformed seventeen transplants including the first heart-lung transplant. fourteen of his patients were dead within six months.By 1984 two-thirds of all heart transplant patients survived for five years or more. With organ transplants becoming commonplace, limited only by donors, surgeons moved onto more risky fields, multiple organ transplants on humans and whole-body transplant research on animals.On March 9, 1981, the first successfulheart-lung transplant took place at Stanford University infirmary. The head surgeon, Bruce Reitz, credited the patients recovery to cyclosporine-Avi.Recently, the rate of successful organ transplants has increased rapidly and it has become the standard therapy in all over the world for end stage organ failure diseases. Combining to it the modern immunosuppression, which make transplants more common. However, types of donation have enlarged the pool of organs to cover the critical shortage of organs such asLiving-related donor.Living unrelated donors.Deceased donors.Non-heart beating.Xenotransplantation.Peter K. calx (January 2009) simply described this technology explosion as This field has progressed initially from what can accurately be termed a clinical experiment to daily and reliable practice, which has proven to be clinically effective, life-saving and cost-effectivevii.To summaries the Organ Transplantation History, we can list the significant events in this timeline frame1954 On declination 23, the first successful living-related kidney transplant guide by Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. David Hume at Brigham Hospital in Boston A kidney was transplanted from Ronald Herrick into his identical twin, Ric hard.1962 eldest successful kidney transplant from a deceased donor, led by Dr. Joseph Murray and Dr. David Hume at Brigham Hospital in Boston.1963 commencement exercise successful lung transplant led by Dr. James Hardy at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, MS.1966 basic successful pancreas/kidney transplant led by Drs. Richard Lillehei and William Kelly at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, MN.1967First successful liver transplant led by Dr. Thomas Starzl at the University of Colorado in Denver, CO.1967First successful heart transplant led by Dr. Christiaan Barnard at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.1968First successful heart transplant in the United States led by Dr. Norman Shumway at Stanford University Hospital in Stanford, CA.1968Uniform Anatomical return Act establishes the Uniform Donor Card as a wakeless document for anyone 18 years of age or older to licitly donate his or her organs upon death.1972End Stage Renal infirmity Act (ESRD) paves way for Medicare Coverage of Renal Dialysis and Kidney Transplants. 1981First Successful heart/lung transplant led by Dr. Brice Reitz at Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA.1983FDA approves Cyclosporine, the most successful anti-rejection medication developed to date by 1984, two-thirds of all heart transplant patients survived for five years or more.1983First successful single lung transplant led by Dr. Joel make from the Toronto Lung Transplant Group, at Toronto General Hospital in Canada.1984National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) establishes a nationally computer registry operated by the United Network for Organ share-out (UNOS) authorizes financial support for Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) prohibits buying or interchange of organs in the United States.1986Dr. Michael DeBakey performs the worlds first heart transplant in 14 years. (USA)1986First successful double-lung transplant led by Dr. Joel Cooper from the Toronto Lung Transplant Group , at Toronto General Hospital in Canada.1986Required demand Laws require hospitals to develop policies to identify patients as potential donors and approach families close organ donation.1988FDA approves Viaspan, which greatly extends the preservation of donated livers. 1989First successful small bowel transplant (a near-total small bowel from a deceased donor) into a child, led by Dr. Olivier Goulet in Paris, France.1989First successful living-related liver transplant led by Dr. Christoph Broelsch from Hamburg, Germany, at the University of Chicago Medical Center. 1990First successful living-related lung transplant led by Dr. Vaughn Starnes at Stanford University Medical Center in Palo Alto, California. He transplants the lobe of one lung from an adult female into the womans 12-year-old daughter. 1992First baboon to human liver transplant performed by Drs. Satoru Todo, Andreas Tzakis and John Fung, under the direction of pioneer transplant surgeon Thomas Starzl, at the Universit y of Pittsburgh Medical Center.1998National Conditions of Participation legislation enacted compulsory hospitals to refer all deaths, and imminent deaths, to the local Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs)1998First successful hand transplant led by Australian Dr. Earl Owen and Frenchman Dr. Jean-Michel Dubernard in a 13-hour long operation in Lyon, France.2005First successful partial tone face transplant led by Dr. Bernard Devauchelle and Dr. Jean-Michel Dubernard in Amiens, France.2008Dr. Michael DeBakey, the world-famous cardiovascular surgeon who pioneered such now-common procedures as bypass surgery and invented a host of devices to serve up heart patients, died on July 11, at the age of 99.2010The worlds first full-face transplant took place in Spain. The recipient was a man injured in a shooting accident. In July, the recipient who was only identified as Oscar (age 31), spoke with considerable difficulty at a news convocation at Barcelonas Vall dHebron hospital, where he w as operated on in late Marchviii. move Medical Technologies Ethical Dilemma

John Gardners Grendel as Hero? Essay -- Grendel Essays

ass Gardners Grendel as Hero? I cry, and hug myself, and laugh, letting out salt tears, he he till I fall down gasping and sobbing.1 With these speech the reader is introduced to the friend of Gardners Grendel, and the mood is set for the coming pages. How is one to depict this ambiguous, melodramatic narrator, whose phrases mix seemingly heartfelt emotional outbursts with witty (if cynical) observations, and ideological musings with ironic commentaries? Perhaps this is what makes Grendel such(prenominal) an extremely engaging narrator. A confuse juxtaposition is established in the first pages, in which the reader must somehow reconcile a hideous, murdering monster, with an appargonntly philosophical, intelligent, wry and thoughtful being. It is clarify from the outset, that if Grendel is to be the hero of this novel, then he will not be so in the conventional sense of the word. The Macquarie Dictionary defines a hero as, a man of distinguished courage or performance, admir ed for his distinguished qualities.2 Grendel, Ruiner of Meadhalls, possesses no readily apparent noble qualities, so how then is he to win over the reader? As the fountainhead suggests, Grendel has many elements of character that can nevertheless win over his audience, such as his humour, and his intelligence and self-consciousness. In addition to these personal qualities, there are several external factors which elicit sympathy in the reader, and tend to see the light Grendel by a more favourable light. These include his indoctrination by the calculus (who encouraged him to believe him that it was his natural role and duty to harass the Scyldings), and his impose immortality (his view of which can be summarised in his comment, So it goes with me day by day and ... ...tical Review of Long Fiction. Vol. III 4 vols. Pasadena, atomic number 20 capital of Oregon Press, 1991, p 1273 _______. Critical Review of Short Fiction. Vol. III 4 vols.. Pasadena, California Salem Press, 1991 . Rebsamen, Frederick. Beowulf A Verse Translation. youthful York HarperCollins, 1991. End Notes 1 Gardner, John, Grendel, New York Vintage, 1989, p. 6. 2 Delbridge, A., Bernard, J. R. L., Blair, D., Peters, P., Butler, S., Eds., The Macquarie Dictionary, Second Ed., Macquarie Macquarie, 1995, p. 826. 3 Gardner, p. 8. 4 Ibid., p. 6. 5 Ibid., p. 14. 6 Ibid., p. 85. 7 Ibid., p. 46. 8 Ibid., p. 51. 9 Ibid., p. 52. 10 Ibid., p. 100. 11 Ibid., p. 74. 12 Ibid., pp. 72-3. 13 Ibid., p. 75. 14 Ibid., p. 9. 15 Ibid., p. 146. 16 Ibid., pp. 21-2. 17 Ibid., p. 24. 18 Ibid., p. 173. 19 Ibid., p. 92.

History of the Roman Empire :: essays research papers

roman type Empire, political system established by capital of Italy that lasted for nearly five centuries. Historians usually date the beginning of the papistical Empire from 27 bc when the Roman Senate gave Gaius Octavius the name Augustus and he became the uncontroversial emperor after years of bitter civil war. At its rosiness the conglomerate included lands throughout the Mediterranean world. capital of Italy had first expand into other parts of Italy and neighboring territories during the Roman Republic (509-27 bc), but do wider conquests and solidified political control of these lands during the empire. The empire lasted until Germanic invasions, economic decline, and intrinsic unrest in the 4th and 5th centuries ad ended capital of Italys ability to dominate such a huge territory. The Romans and their empire gave cultural and political shape to the subsequent history of Europe from the middle Ages and the Renaissance to the present day. In 44 bc Gaius Julius Caesar, th e Roman loss leader who influenced the Roman Republic as a dictator, was assassinated . Rome descended into more than ten years of civil war and political upheaval. after Caesars heir Gaius Octavius (also known as Octavian) defeated his last rivals, the Senate in 27 bc proclaimed him Augustus, meaning the exalted or consecrated one. In this way Augustus established the monarchy that became known as the Roman Empire. The Roman Republic, which had lasted nearly 500 years, was dead, never to be revived. The empire would endure for other 500 years until ad 476 (See Ancient Rome).The emperor Augustus reigned from 27 bc to ad 14 and govern with absolute power. He reestablished political and friendly stability and launched two centuries of prosperity called the Roman Peace (Pax Romana). Under his rule the Roman state began its transformation into the greatest and most influential political institution in European history. During the first two centuries ad the empire flourished and add ed new territories, notably ancient Britain, Arabia, and Dacia (present-day Romania). People from the Roman provinces streamed to Rome, where they became soldiers, bureaucrats, senators, and even emperors. Rome developed into the social, economic, and cultural capital of the Mediterranean world. Despite the attention given to tyrannical and often vicious leaders like the emperors Caligula and Nero, most emperors ruled sensibly and competently until military and economic disasters brought on the political dissymmetry of the 3rd century ad.The Roman Empire encompassed a huge step of territory, but also allowed people of many different cultures to retain their heritage into modern times.

Dinosaur Fossils in Antarctica :: Anthropology Essays Paleontology Papers

Dinosaur Fossils in AntarcticaMillions and millions of eld ago the continents lay together as one and only(a) super-continent known as Pangea. As time went on and the plates underneath the cosmos began to separate, the continents land moved towards the poles where glaciation occurred. Glaciation is the process in which glaciers were leveled during the ice age. Glaciation causes a drop in temperature which in turn causes water to freeze and form many layers of ice (http//palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/intro.html, 1). Due to this layering of ice that has occurred at both poles it has not been easy to discover new dinosaur fossils. However, in a press unveil of the National Science Foundation researchers, working in cardinal clear-cut sites of Antarctica found what seem to be fossil remains of two several(predicate) dinosaurs that had previously never been introduced to the world of science (http//www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/newsroom/pr.cfm?ni=52, 1).The two different din osaurs were found in opposite areas of Antarctica. The first dinosaur found was bring out on the James Ross Island off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula while the trice dinosaur was discovered on the Antarctic interior on a masses elevating nearly 3900 meters near the Beardmore Glacier. The discovery of these two dinosaurs was important for a twain reasons. First off, dealing with the dinosaur carnivorous dinosaur found off the James Ross Island the discovery was important was because not many dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Time Period had been uncover in Antarctica. The second reason the finding of this fossil was important was because in the James Ross region of the Antarctic Peninsula there had previously only been vi uncovered dinosaur fossils and this finding adds to that number. Lastly, it is a very uncommon to find a dinosaur that was so well preserved considering it died roughly 70 million years ago. In order for it to be in such good execute it had to float o ut to sea and lie in the bottom of what was whence an extremely shallow part of the Weddell Sea (www.sciencedaily.com, 2). When it comes to the plant-eating dinosaur found on the interior of Antarctica the discovery of this dinosaur was also important because of its rarity. William Hammer, who led the research group said from Augustana College in Rock Island, Illinois said, This site is so far aloof geographically from any site near its age, its clearly a new dinosaur to Antarctica.

The Interference Of The Supernatural In Macbeth :: essays research papers

In Macbeth, there were many interesting sections which change state on the suspense and the involvement of the eldritch. The use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions or the hallucinations, the ghost, and the apparitions are all key elements in making the concept of the turn work also making the play rather interesting to the audience. In each act of the play you will notice that the supernatural is actaully a major factor on the play style. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the in store(predicate) holds for Macbeth. "When the battles lost and won"(Act I, Scene I,) was said by the second witch. It says that any battle is lost by matchless side and won by another. This may be interrperated that Macbeths fate is that he will win the battle, scarce will lose mant things along the way possibly even including his soul and true personality. Aft er the prophecies of the witches revealed the fate of Macbeth, the plan in which to gain might of the throne is brought up. According to noblewoman macbeth and Macbeth the only way to gain force out of the throne was for macbeth to murder King Duncan. was an easier plan. Lady Macbeth also relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy of calling upon the evil spirits to give her the forcefulness to plot the murder of Duncan without any remorse or conscience(Act I, Scene V, lines 42-57). Lady Macbeth has convinced her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan. On the night they intend to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell to go up the stairs to Duncans chamber. He sees the vision of the floating gummed label. The interest of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil of the dagger being cover with blood. This part may come as a conffusion to the reader bceause one may not be entirely sure wether the murder has a lready taken place or if it is yet to come. Then the bell ring and Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncans chamber. Once the murder has been committed, almost time later Banquo has his suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to have power of the throne.

A Narrative Structure The Eyes to Someone Elses Life :: essays papers

A Narrative Structure The Eyes to individual Elses Life There are many literary means, available to an author, which nominate insight into a realm, which is unknown to the target audience. For an author, deciding the vehicle of typeface and description is perhaps the most significant factor in the conquest of a literary work. Narrating allows a writer to provide personal paper and persuade the reader without the use of outside facts or incidence. In Leaves from the psychical Portfolio of an Eurasian, Sui Sin faraway utilizes the technique of scratch person narrative, in the orchestrate of flashbacks, in order to establish credibility and to invoke an emotional rejoinder from her readers. Truly, this decision offers support to the themes Far wishes to convey. By incorporating stories from her own personal experiences, Far collectings to the desire for individuality and personal identity, which we all harbor.The first words create verbally by Far display an imagery of looking back into her ago at the moments that incurm to dominate her memories. She begins the narrative with a vision of herself at the age of four. At this young age, Far remembers the day on which she first learned that she was something different and apart from other children (Sui Sin Far, 833). Even at this young age the word Chinese (Far, 833) appears to save negative connotations, heedless of the true meaning. For the first time, but not for the last, Far has been made to see herself as less of a person than those who do not have Chinese in their blood lines. Young children are easily influenced and dispose to be filled with an immense amount of curiosity. For Far, the idea of being Chinese meant nothing until her surroundings began to develop around her nationality alone. Far manages to amplify emotions by illustrating them in a heightened sense. The use of childhood flashbacks allows the audience to experience the ruinous effects of racism and ignorance throug h the innocent and uniformed eyes of a young child. Adults have grown up in a misanthropic world and have been cultured in a society of divergence and injustice. If Far had chosen to speak of experiences of racial injustice suffered in her grownup life, then the work would have far less emotional appeal on the audience.

Versaces Men Without Ties :: Versace Image Advertising Essays

Versaces Men Without TiesMen Without Ties (p.25, Hannah) reveals a male figure, athletically built, broad shouldered, narrow-waisted, muscular legged, with one Versace necktie in moot and two tied around the waist. The figure is captured in a dynamically dashing pose, choreographed to show off his muscles, built, vitality and gracefulness. Men Without Ties is one of more nude poses in Versaces Men Without Ties, a portfolio album of his works. Here, Versace puts together a collection of sketches, designs and magazine advertisements, inserted into such avante-gard fashion magazines as Vogue, Elle, Bazaar, etc. for his Mens dampen collection. Here, Versace introduces to the general public, to the passionate collectors of Versace clothes and to those fans with an eye for fashion, his idea and concept of the refreshing Man, Versaces man without ties.This man without ties refers direct back to Roman sculptors Diskobolos a marble copy of classicals original of c.450BCE . (Diskobolos i s one of many surviving Roman copies of Grecian sculptures, indicating Greek art and sculptures prominent and long lasting influence on Roman civilization and society). This heroic-sized statue depicts a nude athlete, a dish antenna thrower at the moment when the discus is swung furthest back, at the real decisive moment just seconds before the discus will be soared into the air (p.114, Robertson).Discus Thrower type sculptures, art and architecture is regular(prenominal) of Greek High Greco-Roman and Hellenistic art and concerns. High virtuous and Hellenistic art desire to portray healthy and vigorous athletes of example physical proportion and beauty, to represent the vigorous, healthy and active Greek individuals and citizens. In this way, sculptures, along with other art mediums and architecture, hope to elevate Greeks victory and to find Greeks triumph of a democratic and enlightened city-state over Persias imperial forces Greek civilization over Persias barbarism reaso n over animal passion. some(prenominal) Man Without Ties and Diskobolos , as mentioned, portray a vigorous, athletic figure, dancing stagily in dramatic actions and gestures. Whereas Diskobolos is rendered in sculptural, life-size, three-dimensional form, Man Without Ties is rendered in a two-dimensional, black-and-white photograph. Nevertheless, both mediums further express Greek High Classical and Hellenistic arts concern for a more expressionistic figure, one that conveys and appeals directly to the senses through this lustrous glistening of surfaces and emotions.The action-figures are now able to give out beyond its contained space and into the immediate surrounding environment. The figures now calculate to impose themselves forcefully upon the spectator, provoking the viewers response to the dramatic situations.

Curleys Wife Essay -- English Literature

Curleys Wife=============At first, Curleys wife is described to the endorser through the com custodyts of the men onthe bed covering. glass over tells Lennie and George when he first meets them that she got theeye for the men on the ranch, nonetheless though she has only been married to Curley fortwo weeks. Candy thinks that she is a tart.We first meet Curleys wife when she comes into the bunkhouse, when Lennie andGeorge argon in there. She is apparently smell for Curley but she already knows thatnew men have arrived. Steinbeck gives a exposit description of her as she stands inthe entre of the bunkhouse and talks to Lennie and George. She is heavily madeup, with full make up lips and red fingernails. Her body language is provocative asshe positions herself in the doorway so that her body was thrown forward. Shesmiles archly and twitched her body. The general impression the reader gains is ofa young girl who is pretty and wants the attention of men.Georges reaction to Curley s wife, however, makes the reader relieve oneself that she is apotential threat to the two men. George sees her as poison and jailbait. He is hazardouswith Lennies admiration of her shes purty and fiercely tells him that he must stayaway from her. Dont you even take a look at that bitch. Later, when we find outwhat happened at Weed, where Lennie frightens a woman by stroking her dress andthey are forced to flee the town from a lynch mob, we understand why George is soalarmed that she will be the cause of more trouble for them.Whits reliance of Curleys wife is one of bewilderment, he seesthrough the flirty appearance and estimable sees a girl trying too seekattention, but he palliate doesnt understand why she acts like ... ...only married Curley to get away from home. Shemet him at the Riverside Dance Palais, probably attracted to him because he was theson of a ranch owner. Now, however, the reality is that she doesnt even like him. Heaint a nice fella, she confides in Lennie. When they are talking together she showssome kindness to Lennie when she realizes that he understands little of what she issaying. afterwards she is dead we are shown by Steinbeck a different side of Curleys wife.In death the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache forattention have gone from her face. We see she is just a young and pretty girl.Steinbecks description of her dead body seems intentional to make us see her as a victim of life.The better(p) laid plans o mice and-------------------------------men gang aft agley. (Robert Burns)Best laid Plans a lot goes astray.

The Future of Marijuana in the United States Essay -- Drugs

American politicians are constantly finding themselves in a heated believe concerning the legalization of ganja. Currently the nos have it but the real number question is how long will they be able to keep it that way. Since, To the agriculturist, hangmans rope is a fiber crop to the physician, it is an enigma to the user, a euphoriant to the police, a menace to the trafficker, a source of profitable danger to the convict or parolee and his family, a source of sorrow (Mikuriya, 1969).IntroductionThe future of marijuana in the United States is uncertain. Whether it is truly on the path to legalization on a nationwide scale, no one knows. But one topic is for certain marijuana is the most widely used illicit do drugs in the United States. It has currently the move towards legalization on a small scale has taken even further strides with Proposition 19 gaining approximately 44% of the Californias votes. One of the leading causes of the deliberate tolerance of marijuana use has been the change in the perception of the summation among the older segment of our society. Since 2000, there has been a drastic increase in the amount of frequent marijuana users that are age 55 and above. This newspaper will seek to examine some of the major factors that have contributed to the satisfying rise in the prevalence of marijuana use among baby-boomers, the short-term make of marijuana with an emphasis on how those effects would impact older individuals, the long-term effects of heavy marijuana use, and the potential political and social implications of extensive marijuana use amongst the United States older individuals. The first decade of the twenty-first century was a particularly eventful time in history. novel studies have shown that ... ... Psycho geriatrics 20, 1081-1089. Hendrix, S. (2009). Boomers see views relaxing on marijuana. From http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/ issue/article/2009/11/15/AR2009111503007.html.Mikuriya, Tod H. (1969). Marijua na in euphony Past Present and Future. California Medicine 110(1), 3440.Stack, P, Suddath, C. (2009). A truncated History of Medical Marijuana. Retrieved November 4, 2010 from http//www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1931247,00.html.Substance do by and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (December 29, 2009). The NSDUH Report adulterous Drug Use among Older Adults. Rockville, MD. (Suggested Citation)Tashkin, D.P. (1999). Effects of marijuana on the lung and its defenses against contagious disease and cancer. School Psychology International. Special Issue Preventing marijuana use among offspring 20 (1), 23-37..

Huck Finn Paper :: essays research papers fc

How would you like to have a drunk, abusive overprotect? Well in huckleberry Finns everyday life thats what he has to deal with. Hucks father, which he calls bosom, has a really pitiful drinking problem which adds on to his abusive ways. In this story Huck inherited a large sum of money and the townsfolks people knew that spoon food would be coming for him and the money. boob is characterized different from the novel, the movie, and Big River, can he really be compassionate? Pap seems to be victimized by the government as the town drunk and not a right-hand(a) role model for his son, but it turns around when he shows compassion when he thinks Huck has died.In the movie Huck portrays his death so he could escape his abusive father. When Pap arrives to the made up murder blastoff he seems very upset. Pap started crying and screaming at the purview of his son being murdered. The money that Huck inherited was the driving take up for Pap to be reunited with him. The made up dea th however shows that Pap wanted to be a part of Hucks life. Pap wanted what was best for Huck. It seemed like Pap wanted to be a part of Hucks life thats why he brought Huck out to the cabin to where no one could civilize him. In the novel, Pap didnt seem to care about Huck. The only agreement he wanted to take Huck into his custody was for the money so he could buy alcohol, as thats what the people in the town thought. Huck was afraid of his father since he always abused him. I used to be scared of him all the time, he tanned me so much. I reckoned I was scared now, too (Twain 19). Huck was in a good home, living with Widow Douglas and Mrs. Watson he was actually getting ameliorate and the positive teaching such as taping as he should. She told me to pray everyday (Twain 12). Pap didnt want that he didnt timbre the need for his son to be educated if he wasnt. Youre educated, too, they say--can film and write. You think youre bettern your father, now, dont you, because he cant ? (Twain 21). Even though Pap was very abusive, a drunk and seemed to be really mean, he struggled through the death of his son.

What You Should Know about Stem Cells Essay -- Stem Cells Science Ethi

What You Should Know ab disclose Stem booths A topic of all-encompassing scientific and ethical debate in our society as of later(a) has been the question of Stem Cell investigate. Going down this path could give back unprecedented medical leaps in treatment and prevention that medicine pass on be able to offer. Before I address the debate of whether or not Stem Cell research should be done, I sine qua non to first rationalise to my readers what stem cells are, how they come to be and what we can expend them for. We must first start with the different types of cells, I will explain them as I take you through part of the fetal training process. The first type of cell is the totipotent cell. This cell is created when a sperm fertilizes an egg. This kind of cell can force some(prenominal)thing within the homo body. after(prenominal) four days the totipotent cell begins to specialize by meet a blastocyst. The blastocyst contains an outside layer of cells and an inside cell mass. The outer layer of cells will become the placenta and other support tissues for the foetus as it develops. The inner cell mass will go on to become virtually every type of tissue within the human body. The inner cell mass cannot create a placenta. Since it cannot form a placenta, it is no longer totipotent. It now becomes pluripotent, a cell with the ability to become any number of tissues within the human body. This is the cell that scientists are interested in. unitary part of Stem Cell debate is the question of when is a fetus a fetus? At what maculation is the potential for human sprightliness extinguished? At this stage the pluripotent cells while able to form virtually every human tissue, cannot for a placenta. Therefore if you were to place the cells into another cleaning lady?s uterus a fetus would not develop. From this point the pluripotent cells foster specialize and become the cells that create heat tissue or heading tissue etc. We ne ed to understand the complex events that occur at this stage of development. There are genes referred to as ? termination making? genes. These genes show how and what the pluripotent cells become. Now I will get into the possible benefits of Stem Cell research. Once we learn how the decision making genes work we can thus begin to use the pluripotent cells to create the typed of tissues needed to treat patients with various types of unsoundness and disease. There is a bonus here as well. Birth defects an... ...t point come we may have already come to an ethical decision on what to do and with the knowledge already gained in research of grown stems cells we should be able to proceed quickly. Stem cell research is unbelievably important. We as a civilization are standing on the edge of a major leap for our society and we must take that leap. Who knows that kinds of doors this research could open, who knows that other leads it could unveil for us? This research has the a bility to change out culture, like the discovery of fire and the harnessing of electricity. We can?t let it work shift away.Works ConsultedAdult Stem Cells May be Redefinable. 24. Oct. 2001. British aesculapian Journal. 24. Oct. 2001. http//www.Bmj.org/cgi/content/full/318/7179/282/bStem Cells and the Human Embryo. 24. Oct. 2001. The Center for Bioethics and human Dignity. 29. Oct. 2001. http//www.bioethix.org/resources/overviews/stemcell.htmlStem Cells A Primer. 23. Oct. 2001. National Institute of Health. 29 Oct. 2001. http//www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm good word of Nigel Cameron, PH. D. 24. Oct. 2001. Do No Harm Coalition. 24. Oct. 2001. http//www.stemcellresearch.org/testimonies/cameron2.htm

Rain Main Essay -- Film Movies

Rain Main Rain Man, a hire about an exceptional person, portrays the life of Raymond Babbot and his struggle to be understood and love by his brother Charlie Babbot. This academy award-winning bid stars two unbelievably talented actors - Tom Cruise (Charlie) and Dustin Hoffman (Raymond). These two brothers, separated at a young age by Raymonds exceptional condition, keep an eye on themselves later(prenominal) in life brought unneurotic by their yields death. The motion picture grabs the heart of its audience in an attempt to bring together the life of the exceptional person with that of the normal mainstream life.The Rain Man drama begins with a young man (Charlie) sorting through his acceptance with his fathers death, or shall I say basically waiting to find out exactly what his inheritance may be. The Babbot family never really had a history of togetherness as Charlie and Raymonds mother lost her life at their young age and while Charlie was three Raymond was sent off to WallBrook, a facility meeting the needs of exceptional people. As the inheritance is examine to Charlie, he finds himself left over(p) with only a Buick convertible and a roseate bush, while the rest of his fathers $3.5 million estate was left to a trustee (a director at the WallBrook facilities).Distraught with the idea that mortal else has the money that Charlie needs, he heads off to meet with the trustee at WallBrook. at one time there, Charlie Babbot finds himself not helped at all and upon leaving meets the genius...

The Battle of Somme :: World War I WWI WW!

The Battle of Somme at that place was fighting all everywhere the world leading up to the struggle of the Somme. On August 3, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium. At the end of September the German legions were about 30 miles from Paris. At the employment of the Marne the German legions was halt by the British and French armies. The Germans dig trenches to help defend them when the military personnel were advancing. The British and German armies tried to go side representations instead of notch into apiece other and built trenches on the way. They both went all the way to the sea that was called the race to the sea. Both of the armies tried braking through each others trenches. They defended with shells and machine guns and advanced on foot with rifles. Germany became the first country to go for poison gas in warfare in 1915 at the battle Ypres. The British were the first army to ever use tanks as a weapon in war in the battle of the Somme. (Marshall, S. L. A. - World fight I)The plan for the Battle of the Somme was to get a huge new army of soldiers. The men and supplies would be collected in trenches. The British would then miscarry the German trenches for 7 days. The British discharged over one and a half millions shells from 1537 guns at the German lines, which should have destroyed the German dug-outs which were dug 9 meters deep into the ground, shred their barbed wire and kill roughly of the Germans. Ten mines were dug under the German strong points. They exploded both minutes before the attack. The British armies crossed No Mans Land. They took over the German trenches. The Germans bombed British trenches but the British were ready for the attack. The British guns fired at the German trenches. The British gunmen stood together and fired. The sound of the gunfire could be heard in London. (Mier, Earl The Golden Book History of the coupled States) The Germans survived the fire and begun to fire screen, this made the Germans more excited, fewer men went on a sick parade and no-one wanted to miss the fight. They fired back and forth all night. The firing stopped in the morning and at that place was silence. Miners dug and were trying to put mines in the German trenches. Mines blew and the attack began.

Freedom is Over-rated :: essays papers

Freedom is Over-ratedThe word dropdom can technically be defined as the quality or state of being free. However, this comment leaves enormous room for every(prenominal) interpretation imaginable. I live in the land of the free, also known as America. But every country, free or non, has its obvious restrictions, such as laws, purchase order, and government. Someones age, race, sex, height, or weight can restrict muckle in society. In my personal opinion, nothing is truly or completely free. To be free no definite barriers can exist physically, mentally, emotionally, or spiritually. Most people tend to entail of boos when referring to freedom, even more specifically the eagle. Coincidentally, the eagle is the symbolic representation for freedom in America. Eagles fly in the sky, and the sky has no barriers or restrictions existing to the human eye. I believe this is why people think of eagles as images to represent freedom. However, atomic number 18 birds truly fre e? Birds can not fly without the worry of being killed by a shotgun. Birds do not control their own habitat. If someone wants to chop down a birds home, the bird can not stop the person. In closure, birds are not completely free. In the movie, Hurricane, most of Rubin Carters animation was found upon the judgments people plagued upon him, distinctly because of his race. Rubin had to free his mind in order to admiration and hold onto the little freedom he had in prison. Carter overcame his mind by blocking out distinct hallucinations of the violent and sensitive sides of his personality. But quiet Rubin Cater was not free. He almost gave up on his life if it was not for his friends in Canada. Those friends in Canada were the critical factor for Rubin Carters disoblige from jail. Society and government withhold people from reaching infinite freedom. This is upright a plain fact and almost self-explanatory. People in society are not free wherever they go. Society af flicts this description on how people should act, or how people should talk. Society even insists on supreme our thoughts. The United States government gives people the right to take. But is it the popular vote the determining factor in deciding the future president? I think not.

The Life of my Dog Precious Essay -- Personal Narrative Pets Family Es

The Life of my Dog singular Within the animal kingdom, a couple of(prenominal) animals admit the characteristics to co exist with humans. Dogs, however, are the exception. For centuries bobs have been known as mans best friend. Through emerge the test of time dogs have proven to be the most loyal and the truest friends. Dogs are not besides our proverbial best friends in the animal world but in all probability our oldest (Phillips 12). With this in mind I understand the reason that my dog extraordinary is my most treasured and loyal friend.On December 24, 1993 I loose my moms purse to get some Tylenol and out popped a small-scale puppy. Its fur was soft and blonde, she had freckles on her nose, and she had droopy eyes. It was a Cocker Spaniel. She was so adorable that my family and I decided to name her incomparable. She was the superlative present anyone could have asked for. Precious, unlike most dogs, has lived an incredible life. She has been dog knapped terce different times and taken to Georgia each time. She has been shot, ran over by a car, and experienced many other life threatening experiences. This dog has been through it all. After having her only two weeks, we decided to visit my grandmother. Precious did not like o be left alone, so when I looked around and noticed she was nowhere to be found, we all got a little worried. My family and I started searching all over the house. Finally, my grandmother heard a weird noise coming from the bathroom. Sure enough, it was Precious. She fallen in the sight while trying to drink out of it, and could not get out. thank to my grandmothers great hearing, Precious did not drown. Throughout Preciouss puppy years we had to repair many things that she destroyed. One ... ...eorgia. travel summer, right before I left to come to school, Precious was at a time again missing, and I was once again crying my eyes out. sort of of contacting our police or even d riving down to Georgia, my parents contacted the police legions in the area where the renters lived. They had an officer on dispatch drive by to see if they saw a little blonde Cocker Spaniel and in that location she was sitting in there lawn. The policeman told the people why he was there and quickly brought Precious home. One might think that dogs do not live an exciting life, but Precious has been on more(prenominal) road trips and lived through many life-threatening adventures than most humans. She is a tremendous pet and a great best friend. Obviously, she is adorable because she was stolen three times. She nitty-gritty the world to me and I do not know what I pull up stakes do when she is gone for good.